[eBook] [PDF] For Fundamental Statistics for the Social and Behavioral Sciences 2nd Edition By Howard T. Tokunaga

1.1 What Is Statistics?

1.2 Why Learn Statistics?

1.3 Introduction to the Stages of the Research Process

1.4 Plan of the Book

1.5 Looking Ahead

1.6 Summary

1.7 Important Terms

1.8 Exercises

2.1 An Example From the Research: Winning the Lottery

2.2 Why Examine Data?

2.3 Examining Data Using Tables

2.4 Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

2.5 Examining Data Using Figures

2.6 Examining Data: Describing Distributions

2.7 Looking Ahead

2.8 Summary

2.9 Important Terms

2.10 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

2.11 Using IBM SPSS Software

2.12 Exercises

3.1 An Example From the Research: The 10% Myth

3.2 Understanding Central Tendency

3.3 The Mode

3.4 The Median

3.5 The Mean

3.6 Comparison of the Mode, Median, and Mean

3.7 Measures of Central Tendency: Drawing Conclusions

3.8 Looking Ahead

3.9 Summary

3.10 Important Terms

3.11 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

3.12 Exercises

4.1 An Example From the Research: How Many “Sometimes” in an “Always”?

4.2 Understanding Variability

4.3 The Range

4.4 The Interquartile Range

4.5 The Variance (s2)

4.6 The Standard Deviation (s)

4.7 Measures of Variability for Populations

4.8 Measures of Variability for Nominal Variables

4.9 Measures of Variability: Drawing Conclusions

4.10 Looking Ahead

4.11 Summary

4.12 Important Terms

4.13 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

4.14 Using SPSS

4.15 Exercises

5.1 Example: SAT Scores

5.2 Normal Distributions

5.3 The Standard Normal Distribution

5.4 Applying z-Scores to Normal Distributions

5.5 Standardizing Frequency Distributions

5.6 Looking Ahead

5.7 Summary

5.8 Important Terms

5.9 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

5.10 Exercises

6.1 A Brief Introduction to Probability

6.2 Example: Making Heads or Tails of the Super Bowl

6.3 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

6.4 Issues Related to Hypothesis Testing: An Introduction

6.5 Looking Ahead

6.6 Summary

6.7 Important Terms

6.8 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

6.9 Exercises

7.1 An Example From the Research: Do You Read Me?

7.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Mean

7.3 Inferential Statistics: Testing One Sample Mean (s Known)

7.4 A Second Example From the Research: Unique Invulnerability

7.5 Introduction to the t-Distribution

7.6 Inferential Statistics: Testing One Sample Mean (s Not Known)

7.7 Factors Affecting the Decision About the Null Hypothesis

7.8 Looking Ahead

7.9 Summary

7.10 Important Terms

7.11 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

7.12 Using SPSS

7.13 Exercises

8.1 An Example From the Research: Salary Survey

8.2 Introduction to the Confidence Interval for the Mean

8.3 The Confidence Interval for the Mean (s Not Known)

8.4 The Confidence Interval for the Mean (s Known)

8.5 Factors Affecting the Width of the Confidence Interval for the Mean

8.6 Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing

8.7 Looking Ahead

8.8 Summary

8.9 Important Terms

8.10 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

8.11 Using SPSS

8.12 Exercises

9.1 An Example From the Research: You Can Just Wait

9.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Difference

9.3 Inferential Statistics: Testing the Difference Between Two Sample Means

9.4 Inferential Statistics: Testing the Difference Between Two Sample Means (Unequal Sample Sizes)

9.5 Inferential Statistics: Testing the Difference Between Paired Means

9.6 Looking Ahead

9.7 Summary

9.8 Important Terms

9.9 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

9.10 Using SPSS

9.11 Exercises

10.1 Hypothesis Testing vs. Criminal Trials

10.2 An Example From the Research: Truth or Consequences

10.3 Two Errors in Hypothesis Testing: Type I and Type II Error

10.4 Controlling Type I and Type II Error

10.5 Measures of Effect Size

10.6 Looking Ahead

10.7 Summary

10.8 Important Terms

10.9 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

10.10 Exercises

11.1 An Example From the Research: It’s Your Move

11.2 Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

11.3 Inferential Statistics: One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

11.4 A Second Example: The Parking Lot Study Revisited

11.5 Analytical Comparisons Within the One-Way ANOVA

11.6 Looking Ahead

11.7 Summary

11.8 Important Terms

11.9 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

11.10 Using SPSS

11.11 Exercises

12.1 An Example From the Research: Vote—or Else!

12.2 Introduction to Factorial Research Designs

12.3 The Two-Factor (A × B) Research Design

12.4 Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the Two-Factor Research Design

12.5 Inferential Statistics: Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

12.6 Investigating a Significant A × B Interaction Effect: Analysis of Simple Effects

12.7 Looking Ahead

12.8 Summary

12.9 Important Terms

12.10 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

12.11 Using SPSS

12.12 Exercises

13.1 An Example From the Research: It’s Good for You!

13.2 Introduction to the Concept of Correlation

13.3 Inferential Statistics: Pearson Correlation Coefficient

13.4 Correlating Two Sets of Ranks: The Spearman Rank-Order Correlation

13.5 Correlational Statistics vs. Correlational Research

13.6 Looking Ahead

13.7 Summary

13.8 Important Terms

13.9 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

13.10 Using SPSS

13.11 Exercises

14.1 Predicting One Variable From Another: Linear Regression

14.2 Correlation With Two or More Predictors: Introduction to Multiple Correlation and Regression

14.3 Looking Ahead

14.4 Summary

14.5 Important Terms

14.6 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

14.7 Using SPSS

14.8 Exercises

15.1 An Example From the Research (One Categorical Variable): Are You My Type?

15.2 Introduction to the Chi-Square Statistic

15.3 Inferential Statistic: Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

15.4 An Example From the Research (Two Categorical Variables): Seeing Red

15.5 Inferential Statistic: Chi-Square Test of Independence

15.6 Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Tests

15.7 Looking Ahead

15.8 Summary

15.9 Important Terms

15.10 Formulas Introduced in This Chapter

15.11 Using SPSS

15.12 Exercises